1. Serializability
Consider a set of transactions (T1, T2, …, Tn). S1 is the state of database after they are concurrently executed and successfully completed and S2 is the state of database after they are executed in any serial manner (one-by-one) and successfully completed. If S1 and S2 are same then the database maintains serializability.
2. Concurrent Execution
If more than one transactions are executed at the same time then they are said to be executed concurrently.
3. Recoverability
To maintain atomicity of database, undo effects of any transaction has to be performed in case of failure of that transaction. If undo effects successfully then that database maintains recoverability. This process is known as Rollback.
4. Cascading Rollback
If any transaction Ti is dependent upon Tj and Tj is failed due to any reason then rollback Ti. This is known as cascading rollback. Consider Figure 8.2. Here T2 is dependent upon T1 because T2 reads value of C which is updated by T1.
If T1 fails then rollback T1 and also T2.
Source: Gupta Satinder Bal, Mittal Aditya (2017), Introduction to Basic Database Management System, 2nd Edition-University Science Press (2017)