Skip to content
    • info@hktsoft.net
  • Connecting and sharing with us
  • -
  • About us
    • info@hktsoft.net
HKT ConsultantHKT Consultant
  • Management Theories
    • Industrial Organization
      • Competitive Advantage Theory
      • Contingency Theory
      • Institutional Theory
      • Evolutionary Theory of the Firm
      • Theory of Organizational Ecology
      • Behavioral Theory of the Firm
      • Resource Dependence Theory
      • Invisible Hand Theory
    • Managerial Approaches
      • Agency Theory
      • Decision Theory
      • Theory of Organizational Structure
      • Theory of Organizational Power
      • Property Rights Theory
      • The Visible Hand
    • Hypercompetitive Approaches
      • Resource-Based Theory
      • Organizational Learning Theory
      • Transaction Cost Economics
      • Hypercompetition
      • Systems Theory
  • Economic Theories
  • Social Theories
  • Political Theories
  • Philosophies
  • Theology
  • Art Movements
Laszlo and the Natural Systems

Ervin Laszlo, a Hungarian philosopher, has written a number of books covering systems philosophy. In one from 1972, Introduction to Systems Philosophy, he presents his concept of Natural Systems. Like so many other philosophers, he turns first to metaphysics to acquire the answers to questions concerning the ultimate nature of reality. Laszlo states that,

01
Jun
Cook and the Quantal System

Norman Cook, a researcher in the area of neurosurgery, presented in 1980, his version of the Natural Systems in the book Stability and Flexibility. His theory describes how the functional duality of flexibility/stability influences five main levels of natural organization in our surrounding world. Together these levels are called the quantal by Cook. These

01
Jun
Checkland and the Systems Typology

Peter Checkland, a British professor in systems science, published his book Systems Thinking Systems Practice in 1981. With this book he joins the scientists who have launched natural systems hierarchies, in his case called the Systems Typology. According to Checkland, the absolute minimum number of systems classes necessary to describe the existing reality is

01
Jun
Jordan and the Systems Taxonomy

In an essay from 1968 published in Themes in Speculative Psychology an American psychologist, Nehemiah Jordan, presented his Systems Taxonomy. As a non-hierarchial structure it will only in part fulfil the conditions for being a general systems theory (see p. 53). Systems taxonomy has three basic organizing principles which enable an observer to define

01
Jun
Salk and the categories of nature

Jonas E. Salk (1914-1995), immunologist and father of the Salk vaccine against polio, has proved himself to be a true natural philosopher in his book Anatomy of Reality (1983). Here, Salk presents a number of conceptual maps showing how evolution as the primary cosmic force creates the order visible in the different categories of

01
Jun
Powers and the Control Theory

As a psychologist and cybernetician, the American researcher William Powers had for many years pondered the question: ‘Why does the same disturbance sometimes result in different responses?’ The classical stimulus/response view and behaviourism had apparently failed to give an explanation. Powers himself gives the answer in his book Behavior: The Control of Perception (1973).

01
Jun
Namilov and the organismic view of science

Vasilii Namilov is a Russian researcher and philosopher of science. In 1981, he presented, in Faces of Science, a cybernetic approach to the phenomenon of science. In the book, the society of science is regarded as a metaphoric or abstract system, residing within the biosphere. As such it has the properties of a macroorganism

01
Jun
Bowen and Family Systems Theory

The concept of a natural system assumes that systems exist in nature independently of man’s creating them. Murray Bowen’s Family Systems Theory was derived from the study of one type of natural system, the human family. It is a particular kind of natural system and viewed as an emotional system (Kerr/Bowen 1988). As such,

01
Jun
Jaques and the Stratified Systems Theory

With the Canadian-born psychoanalyst and management expert Elliott Jaques, a comprehensive body of insights that explains organizational behaviour was produced under the name of Stratified Systems Theory or SST (Jaques 1976). This is a general theoretical construction of how organizations and human nature affect each other with special reference to bureaucracy. Among other things,

01
Jun
Introduction to the Communication and Information Theory

Communication and information theory was first formulated in telegraph and telephone engineering, which makes it natural that its benefits were first exploited by engineers in this field. Both areas are closely interlinked as the identification of information separated from its context is not possible. It is only idenftifiable as part of a communication situation with

01
Jun
Basic concepts of communication theory

The theoretical problem of communication is possible to define as: to make a representation in one place of a presentation already existing in another place. This formulation is, however, not complete as the communication process often is used to disinform or deceive a receiver. To get a total definition the words trustful or misleading

01
Jun
Interrelations between time, place and channel of communication

In reality, time and place influence all other parameters of a commu- nication situation. If these concepts are combined, an arrangement like Table 4.2 can be created and some different situations of communication defined. From the table with its comments it is possible to see how environmental factors and needs determine choice of and

01
Jun
Shannon’s classical theory of communication

In his paper from 1948, The Mathematical Theory of Communication, Claude Shannon presents the foundation of classical communication theory and differentiates between three conceptual levels: the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. As we will see, these levels can be adapted to all main concepts within information theory, such as noise, redundancy, etc. The syntactic level,

01
Jun
Basic concepts of information theory

Information theory is concerned with the problem of how to measure changes in information or knowledge content. It is based on the fact that we can represent our experience by the use of symbols like the alphabet, pictures, etc. Generally, we only need information when faced with some kind of choice. If you know

01
Jun
Information, exformation and entropy

Apart from the above-presented perspectives on information, two views are predominant among researchers. The mathematical/ statistical view is primarily used in connection with telecommunications and databases to quantify and measure channel and storage capacity for information exchange and processing. This concept has no epistemological aims to explain the nature of information. It was used

01
Jun
How to measure information

If information is to be treated scientifically rather than philosophically it has to be expressed numerically and quantitatively and not be interpreted as synonymous with meaning. Much confusion is caused by attempts to identify meaning with the change generated in the receiver. What is actually sent is not a measure of the amount of

01
Jun
Entropy and redundancy of information

The natural increasing of entropy in a closed system has its counterpart in the decreasing of information. The fact that information may be dissipated but not gained, is the information theory interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics where entropy becomes the opposite of information. A message may spontaneously lose order during the communication,

01
Jun
Channels, noise and coding information

A communication channel is defined as any physical medium whereby we may transmit or receive information. It may be wire, cable, radio waves or a beam of light. The destination and/or source may be a person or a memory device like a tape or a computer disk. As a matter  of physics, the capacity

01
Jun
Some Theories of Brain and Mind in system perspective

In comparison with other animals, human beings are relatively slow and ineffective. Our physical strength and general performance fall far below that of animals of our own size. The human life-span is also short when compared with such different animals as the elephant or the Galapagos tortoise which limits the amount of human accumulated

01
Jun
The need for consciousness

An important tendency of life on earth is that it resides in individuals separated from each other. Therefore, in the hierarchy of nature, consciousness is found at the level of organisms where highly centralized nervous systems with a brain exist. It is not possible, however, to imagine consciousness without an existing memory. Awareness of

01
Jun
  • 1
  • …
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • …
  • 86
List of Great Thinkers
01
Jan
List of Economic Theories and Concepts
24
Feb
List of Social Theories and Concepts
22
Feb
List of Political Theories and Concepts
21
Feb
List of Philosophical Theories and Concepts
22
Feb
Famous books and articles in library
01
Jan
Corporate Management
  • Corporate accounting: definition, functions and branchesCorporate accounting: definition, functions and branches
  • Retail Management: Definition, Processes, Best PracticesRetail Management: Definition, Processes, Best Practices
  • Stock market: functioning and investmentsStock market: functioning and investments
  • Quality Management – Understanding how does it improve firm performanceQuality Management – Understanding how does it improve firm performance
  • Entrepreneurship and StartupEntrepreneurship and Startup
  • Office Management: definition, types, process, jobs and best practicesOffice Management: definition, types, process, jobs and best practices
Most Read in 30 days
  • Market-PenetrationMarket penetration strategy
  • 01Defensive tactics of the firm
  • philosophyWhat is Philosophy?
  • UntitledReorganization and Rationalization in the 1890s
  • what-is-property-7SECOND MEMOIR: A Letter to M. Blanqui – Part 1
  • MicroeconomicsMicroeconomics – by Robert Pindyck, Daniel…
  • 1Kaoru Ishikawa
  • Untitled1The Simple Franchise Bidding Scheme

Methodology & Skills
  • Qualitative Research (interview, case study, observation, action research …)Qualitative Research (interview, case study, observation, action research …)
  • Quantitative research and Statistical software practices (SPSS, Stata, Amos, …)Quantitative research and Statistical software practices (SPSS, Stata, Amos, …)
  • Learn Programming Languages (JavaScript, Python, Java, PHP, C, C#, C++, HTML, CSS)Learn Programming Languages (JavaScript, Python, Java, PHP, C, C#, C++, HTML, CSS)
  • How to write and publish a scientific paperHow to write and publish a scientific paper
  • Create your professional WordPress website without codeCreate your professional WordPress website without code
  • How to write a thesisHow to write a thesis

Connecting and sharing with us

... by your free and real actions.

hotlineTComment and discuss your ideas

Enthusiastic to comment and discuss the articles, videos on our website by sharing your knowledge and experiences.

hỗ trợ hkt Respect the copyright

Updating and sharing our articles and videos with sources from our channel.

hỗ trợ hkt Subscribe and like our articles and videos

Supporting us mentally and with your free and real actions on our channel.

HKT Channel - Science Theories

About HKT CHANNEL
About HKT CONSULTANT

Website Structure

Economic Theories
Social Theories
Political Theories
Great Thinkers
Library

HKT Consultant JSC.

      "Knowledge - Experience - Success"
- Email: Info@hktsoft.net
- Website:
sciencetheory.net

  • Management Theories
    • Industrial Organization
      • Competitive Advantage Theory
      • Contingency Theory
      • Institutional Theory
      • Evolutionary Theory of the Firm
      • Theory of Organizational Ecology
      • Behavioral Theory of the Firm
      • Resource Dependence Theory
      • Invisible Hand Theory
    • Managerial Approaches
      • Agency Theory
      • Decision Theory
      • Theory of Organizational Structure
      • Theory of Organizational Power
      • Property Rights Theory
      • The Visible Hand
    • Hypercompetitive Approaches
      • Resource-Based Theory
      • Organizational Learning Theory
      • Transaction Cost Economics
      • Hypercompetition
      • Systems Theory
  • Economic Theories
  • Social Theories
  • Political Theories
  • Philosophies
  • Theology
  • Art Movements
  • About Us